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581.8
Classic Sustained TPS Measurement
574.5
PQC Sustained TPS Measurement
O(1)
ZK-ACE Authorization Direction
Fullnode
Public Testnet Participation
Late-stage patches cannot fix root-layer assumptions.
ACE Chain focuses on problems that are hard to retrofit after a chain is already live: post-quantum authorization, fair ordering, shared-state execution, liquidity fragmentation, verification cost, node operating cost, and private-key inheritance.

Authorization is too rigid

When public keys become permanent identities, algorithm migration, key rotation, post-quantum upgrades, and recovery all become ecosystem-wide coordination problems.

Execution is fragmented

VM-specific ecosystems force assets, balances, integrations, and user journeys into separate ledgers. Bridges then become a substitute for shared settlement.

Liquidity risk is poorly scoped

Shared liquidity is valuable, but unbounded shared risk is not. Assets, external mappings, markets, routes, relayers, and oracle feeds need explicit failure domains.

One identity layer, many execution and liquidity surfaces.
ACE-GF decouples identity from authorization. N-VM routes execution across multiple engines. OMNILIQUID turns cross-chain deposits into canonical oAssets. MEV-ACE and ZK-ACE address ordering and verification costs at the protocol layer.

What the latest protocol direction unlocks

The current codebase and whitepaper now point to a wider protocol surface than a single PQC chain:

  • PQC without the usual TPS penalty — classical and ML-DSA-44 authorization can coexist under the same chain configuration.
  • MEV-ACE fair ordering — reduces block-local insertion, reordering, and omission abuse for admitted ACE transactions.
  • N-VM shared state tree — multiple execution worlds settle into one ledger, asset model, identity layer, and finality path.
  • OMNILIQUID and oAssets — canonical liquidity across external asset mappings, with deterministic risk compartments.
  • ZK-ACE authorization compression — shifts repeated authorization verification from O(n) work toward compact proof verification.
  • Public full-node network — external operators can sync, relay, serve local RPC, and appear in public node discovery without joining validator quorum.
// Traditional: public_key == identity // ACE Chain: idcom == identity, keys are instruments Identity Material (16 bytes) // Single seed, deterministic multi-algorithm derivation ├─ HKDF("ACEGF-V1-ED25519-SOLANA") │ → Ed25519 key pair ├─ HKDF("ACEGF-V1-SECP256K1-EVM") │ → Secp256k1 key pair └─ HKDF("ACEGF-V1-ML-DSA-44-PQC") → ML-DSA-44 key pair (FIPS 204) // On-chain identity commitment (algorithm-agnostic) idcom = HKDF(identity_material, "identity") // 32 bytes, never changes regardless of key algorithm // Swap algorithm, keep identity: OP_SET_AUTH_PUBKEY(idcom, ML-DSA-44 pubkey) // Same account, same balance, stronger authorization
What this gives users, builders, and infrastructure operators.
The latest code and whitepaper make ACE Chain more than a PQC experiment. It is a protocol stack for safer authorization, fairer execution, unified liquidity, and lower-cost public infrastructure.
Post-Quantum

PQC Performance Without the Usual Throughput Tax

ACE treats Ed25519 and ML-DSA-44 as interchangeable authorization modes above a stable identity layer. For long-lived assets, RWA, treasury systems, and high-value DeFi accounts, PQC can become an operational choice before quantum migration turns into an emergency.

MEV-ACE Fair Ordering

MEV-ACE focuses on insertion, reordering, and omission inside the block-production path. The business value is execution quality: better fills for users, lower risk margins for market makers, and a more credible venue for wallets and aggregators.

N-VM Shared State Tree

Native, EVM, SVM, BVM, TVM, and Move-style execution can settle into one L1 state model. Developers keep familiar programming models; users avoid fragmented balances; liquidity, identity, and finality remain unified instead of being bridged after the fact.

OMNILIQUID and Compartmentalized Shared Liquidity

Supported external assets can map into canonical oAssets on ACE. Shared liquidity improves depth and routing, while deterministic risk compartments make assets, external mappings, markets, routes, relayers, and oracle feeds explicit failure domains.

ZK-ACE O(n) to O(1) Direction

Instead of asking every verifier to repeat authorization checks forever, ACE moves toward compact proofs for batches or blocks. This is especially important when post-quantum credentials are larger and independent verification must remain affordable.

Low-Cost Public Full Nodes

Useful nodes should not need validator-grade equipment. ACE's public full-node path lets external operators sync, relay, serve local RPC, and help observe the network from ordinary infrastructure before validator admission opens.

Self-Custody Inheritance Without Surrendering Keys

Digital assets face a trilemma between private-key inheritance, self-custody, and long-term asset continuity. ACE treats this as a protocol problem so assets can remain self-custodied while still having a verifiable release path.

Open Technical Community

ACE Chain is open to protocol engineers, cryptographers, security reviewers, infrastructure operators, documentation contributors, and testnet builders. Discussions and issues are public so technical knowledge compounds instead of disappearing into private chats.

Protocol layers that reinforce each other.
ACE Chain's current direction combines authorization, execution, fair ordering, liquidity, and public node participation into one L1 architecture.
Participation
Layer
Full NodesSync, local RPC, relay
Public RegistryPeer discovery and node monitor
DiscussionsOpen technical contribution
Authorization
Layer
ACE-GFIdentity-authorization separation
TaggedSignatureEd25519 / ML-DSA-44 paths
ZK-ACECompact authorization verification direction
↓ verified idcom (32 bytes)
Execution
Layer
N-VMNative, EVM, SVM, BVM, TVM, Move-style
Shared State TreeOne ledger, identity, asset model
MEV-ACEFair-ordering hook
Liquidity
Layer
OMNILIQUIDCanonical oAssets
Risk CompartmentsAssets, mappings, markets, routes
ACE LiquidDeterministic market compartments
The differentiation is architectural.
ACE is designed around root-layer primitives that are difficult to add late.
Area ACE Chain Typical L1 Pattern User / Industry Impact
PQC authorization Classical and ML-DSA-44 authorization modes Retrofit after identity is already key-bound Long-lived assets can prepare before migration becomes urgent
Execution model N-VM shared state tree Single VM or bridge-connected VM islands Less fragmented liquidity, identity, and onboarding
Ordering MEV-ACE fair-ordering hook Private routing or app-level mitigations Lower block-local manipulation surface
Liquidity oAssets with risk compartments Many wrappers, pools, and bridge risk buckets Deeper shared liquidity without unbounded shared risk
Verification cost ZK-ACE O(n) toward O(1) direction Repeated per-transaction authorization checks Cheaper independent verification and lighter clients
Public nodes Full-node operation and discovery Often underdocumented or validator-centric More operators can contribute before validator admission
Custody lifecycle Self-custody inheritance primitive direction Custodial services or fragile dead-man switches Inheritance, self-custody, and asset continuity can be addressed together
Research and implementation now move together.
The whitepaper and public repo now document the same direction: PQC authorization, MEV-ACE, N-VM shared state, OMNILIQUID, ZK-ACE, public full nodes, and self-custody lifecycle design.
arXiv 2511.20505

ACE-GF: A Generative Framework for Atomic Cryptographic Entities

The cryptographic foundation — identity-authorization separation, deterministic multi-algorithm key derivation, and zero-knowledge identity commitments.

arXiv 2603.07974

ZK-ACE: Identity-Centric Zero-Knowledge Authorization for Post-Quantum Blockchain Systems

O(1) verification through recursive STARK proofs, batch credential verification, and post-quantum-secure proof composition.

arXiv 2603.10242

ACE Runtime: A ZKP-Native Blockchain Runtime with Sub-Second Cryptographic Finality

The execution runtime that unifies identity verification, ZK proof generation, and transaction processing into a single sub-second pipeline.

arXiv 2603.23670

n-VM: A Multi-VM Layer-1 Architecture with Shared Identity and Token State

Multi-virtual-machine execution with a unified state tree — EVM, SVM, BVM, and TVM sharing identity and token balances natively.

arXiv 2603.07982

AR-ACE: ACE-GF-based Attestation Relay for PQC

Lightweight mempool propagation without on-path proofs — solving the bandwidth challenge of 2420-byte ML-DSA-44 signatures at scale.

arXiv 2603.02690

VA-DAR: A PQC-Ready, Vendor-Agnostic Deterministic Artifact Resolution for Serverless, Enumeration-Resistant Wallet Recovery

Serverless wallet recovery using on-chain encrypted artifacts and human-memorable identifiers, with enumeration-resistant addressing.

arXiv 2603.07933

CT-DAP: Condition-Triggered Cryptographic Asset Control via Dormant Authorization Paths

Crypto-asset inheritance without key exposure — dormant authorization paths that activate only upon verifiable trigger conditions.

arXiv 2603.00318

AESP: A Human-Sovereign Economic Protocol for AI Agents with Privacy-Preserving Settlement

Agent economic sovereignty — policy-bounded spending, privacy-preserving micro-settlement, and A2A interoperability on-chain.

Public Docs

Full node operation, public discovery, RPC, validator admission, and technical advantages

The public repository includes operator docs and focused technical notes that connect protocol design to user and industry benefits.

Community

GitHub Discussions for technical contributors and node operators

Use Discussions for architecture questions, testnet feedback, contribution proposals, and deeper protocol review.

Technical Whitepaper

Updated June 16, 2026. Covers post-quantum authorization, shared-state execution, fair ordering, liquidity compartments, and the current public testnet direction.

ACE Chain Technical Whitepaper

A natively post-quantum secure Layer 1 blockchain without performance trade-offs. Includes ACE-GF foundations, N-VM shared state, ZK-ACE, MEV-ACE, OMNILIQUID direction, and public infrastructure strategy.

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